Erythema nodosum - 结节性红斑
它看起来像腿部的疼痛性红斑结节。
relevance score : -100.0%
ReferencesErythema nodosum 是最常见的脂膜炎类型，其特征为疼痛的红色结节，主要出现在小腿。其确切原因尚不清楚，但似乎是对各种触发因素的过度反应所致。尽管起因常不明确，在诊断 primary erythema nodosum 之前，必须排除其他潜在疾病。它可能提示全身性疾病的发作，如感染、炎症、癌症或药物反应。常见的触发因素包括链球菌感染、结核病、肉芽肿病（sarcoidosis）、贝赫切特病（Behçet's disease）、炎症性肠病、某些药物以及妊娠。
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis 指影响皮下脂肪组织的多种炎症性疾病。这些疾病在儿童中并不常见。Panniculitis 可能是全身性疾病的主要表现，也可能是感染、外伤或某些药物等因素继发的反应。无论原因如何，大多数类型的 panniculitis 均表现出相似的症状，包括皮下疼痛的红色结节。
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis，皮肤下脂肪层的炎症，是一种罕见疾病，通常表现为肿胀的结节或斑块。Erythema nodosum (EN) 是最常见的类型，常由多种因素触发。虽然约55%的病例未查明明确病因，但常见诱因包括感染、药物、结节病、炎症性肠病等疾病、妊娠和癌症。EN 多见于青少年和年轻人，女性更为常见。发病前常有持续一至三周的全身不适，伴随发热和上呼吸道症状。随后出现红色结节，常位于手臂和腿的外侧，伴有疼痛。EN 的确切机制尚不完全清楚，但认为与脂肪层小血管中的免疫复合物沉积有关，进而引起炎症。活检通常显示脂肪层炎症，但不累及血管。即使不针对根本原因进行特殊治疗，EN 也常自行消退。因此，大多数患者只需进行症状的支持性护理。
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
该病主要通过临床表现诊断，必要时可行活检并在显微镜下检查以确认不明确的诊断。应进行胸部X光检查，以排除肺部疾病，尤其是结节病和结核病。